Reverse Racism Definition

Acts of racism make newspaper headlines daily. Theres no shortage of media coverage about racial discrimination or racially motivated violence, be it plots by white supremacists to kill  President Barack Obama  or police killings of unarmed black men. But what about reverse racism? Is reverse racism even real and, if so, whats the best way to define it? Defining Reverse Racism Reverse racism refers to discrimination against whites, usually in the form of programs meant to advance ethnic minorities such as affirmative action. Anti-racist activists in the U.S. have largely deemed reverse racism to be impossible, as the power structure of the United States has historically benefited whites and continues to do so today, despite the election of a black president. Such activists argue that the definition of racism isnt just one individuals belief that a certain race is superior to others but also includes institutional oppression. Explains white anti-racist activist Tim Wise in A Look at the Myth of Reverse Racism: When a group of people has little or no power over you institutionally, they dont get to define the terms of your existence, they cant limit your opportunities, and you neednt worry much about the use of a slur to describe you and yours, since, in all likelihood, the slur is as far as its going to go. What are they going to do next: deny you a bank loan? Yeah, right. In the Jim Crow South, for example, police officers, bus drivers, educators and other agents of the state worked in tandem to maintain segregation and, thus, racism against people of color. While ethnic minorities during this time may have harbored ill will towards Caucasians, they lacked the power to adversely affect whites lives. On the other hand, the very fate of people of color is determined by institutions that have traditionally discriminated against them. This explains, in part, why an African American who has committed a certain crime is likely to receive a stiffer sentence than a white person who committed an identical crime. What Makes White Racism Distinct? Because American institutions havent traditionally been anti-white, the argument that whites can be truly victimized by reverse racism is difficult to make. Still, the assertion that reverse racism exists has persisted since the late 20th century when the government implemented widespread programs to make up for historic discrimination against ethnic minorities. In 1994, Time magazine ran an article about a small minority of Afro-centrists known as melanists who posit that those with an abundance of dark skin pigment, or melanin, are more humane and superior to lighter-skinned people, not to mention prone to having paranormal powers such as ESP and psychokinesis. The idea that one group of people is superior to another based on skin color certainly fits the dictionary definition of racism. Yet, the melanists had no institutional power to spread their message or subjugate lighter-skinned people based on their racist beliefs. Moreover, because the melanists spread their message in pred ominantly black settings, its likely that few whites even heard their racist message, let alone suffered because of it. Melanists lacked the institutional influence to oppress whites with their ideology. What separates white racism from any other form †¦is [its] ability†¦to become lodged in the minds of and perceptions of the citizenry, Wise explains. White perceptions are what end up counting in a white-dominated society. If whites say Indians are savages, then by God, theyll be seen as savages. If Indians say whites are mayonnaise-eating Amway salespeople, who the hell is going to care? And such was the case with the melanists. No one cared what they had to say about the melanin-deprived because this fringe group of Afro-centrists lacked power and influence. When Institutions Favor Ethnic Minorities Over Whites If we include institutional power in the definition of racism, it’s virtually impossible to argue that reverse racism exists. But as institutions attempt to compensate ethnic minorities for the racism of the past via affirmative action programs and similar policies, the government has found that whites have experienced discrimination. In June 2009, white firefighters from New Haven, Conn., won a â€Å"reverse discrimination† Supreme Court case. The suit stemmed from the fact that white firefighters who excelled on a qualifying test to receive promotions were prevented from moving up because their colleagues of color had not performed so well. Rather than allow the white firefighters to promote, the city of New Haven dismissed the test results for fear that minority firefighters would sue if they weren’t also promoted. Chief Justice John Roberts argued that the events in New Haven amounted to racial discrimination against whites because the city would not have refused to promote black firefighters if their white counterparts had performed poorly on the qualifying exam. The Case for Diversity Initiatives Not all whites who find themselves excluded as institutions try to right past wrongs feel victimized. In a piece for The Atlantic called â€Å"Reverse Racism, or How the Pot Got to Call the Kettle Black,† legal scholar Stanley Fish described being ruled out of an administrative position at a university when the powers-that-be decided that a woman or ethnic minority would be a better candidate for the job. Fish explained: Although I was disappointed, I did not conclude that the situation was ‘unfair,’ because the policy was obviously†¦ not intended to disenfranchise white males. Rather, the policy was driven by other considerations, and it was only as a by-product of those considerations—not as the main goal—that white males like me were rejected. Given that the institution in question has a high percentage of minority students, a very low percentage of minority faculty, and an even lower percentage of minority administrators, it made perfect sense to focus on women and minority candidates, and within that sense, not as the result of prejudice, my whiteness and maleness became disqualifications. Fish argues that whites who find themselves excluded when white institutions try to diversify mustn’t protest. Exclusion when the goal is not racism but an attempt to level the playing field can’t compare to the centuries of racial subjugation that people of color experienced in U.S. society. Ultimately, this kind of exclusion serves the greater good of eradicating racism and its legacy, Fish points out. Wrapping Up Does reverse racism exist? Not according to the antiracist definition of racism. This definition includes institutional power and not just the prejudices of a lone individual. As institutions which have historically benefited whites attempt to diversify, however, they sometimes favor ethnic minorities over whites. Their purpose in doing so is to right the wrongs of the past and the present against minority groups. But as institutions embrace multiculturalism, they are still forbidden by the 14th Amendment from directly discriminating against any racial group, including whites. Thus, while institutions engage in minority outreach, they must do so in a way that doesn’t unjustly penalize whites for their skin color alone.

Manic Depression And The Gemini Disorder Essay - 1490 Words

Manic depression, or â€Å"The Gemini disorder† is most commonly known as Bipolar Disorder. This illness is a brain disorder, which causes abrupt and unusual mood shifts. These irritable mood shifts can be related to the individual’s energy, activity levels, or their ability to carry out daily tasks. This disorder goes beyond the ordinary mood swings we all are aware of. Manic depression has three forms that are characterized as periods of acute elevation of elatedness, or irritability. More often than not, the symptoms begin as an adolescent, though, they can also occur as a young child or even middle age. These forms of bipolar disorder are diagnosed in more than three million people a year, and are linked to their genetic material. The history of bipolar disorder is almost as complex as the condition itself, and dates back to ancient Greece. The first century Greeks and Romans were responsible for the terms â€Å"mania† and â€Å"melancholia.† These ter ms are now called manic and depressive by modern day societies. The ancient Greeks and Romans discovered that using lithium salts in baths tranquil manic episodes and left content emotions to people who were depressed. Today, lithium is still a frequent treatment to help calm the nervous system in bipolar patients. During Greek philosopher, Aristotle’s, time â€Å"it was common for people across the globe to be executed for having bipolar disorder and other mental conditions. As the study of medicine advanced, strict religious dogma statedShow MoreRelatedManic Depression And The Gemini Disorder794 Words   |  4 PagesJessica Gulino Professor Boms BIO 1 November, 2016 Manic depression, or â€Å"The Gemini disorder† is most commonly known as Bipolar Disorder. This illness is a brain disorder, which causes abrupt and unusual mood shifts. These irritable mood shifts can be related to the individual’s energy, activity levels, or their ability to carry out daily tasks. This disorder goes beyond the ordinary mood swings we all are aware of. Manic depression has four forms that are characterized as periods of acute elevation

Cancer Oncology and Accurate Cause Free Essays

Cancer Cancer is one of the top causes of death in the world today. Studies show that one in three people will go through some form of cancer in their lifetime. There are various different kinds of cancer that effect different parts of the body. We will write a custom essay sample on Cancer: Oncology and Accurate Cause or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cancer is treated in many different ways. Some forms of cancer are treatable, and some are not. Cancer usually comes from the development of a tumor. Tumors form in the body when cells are produced without cause. New cells are formed when they are not needed, and they group together to form a tumor. The tumor can be benign, which means that it is non-cancerous, or it can be malignant, which means that it is cancerous. If cells break away from a malignant tumor, they will enter the bloodstream, and spread throughout the body, hurting other parts of the body. Cancer can also appear with no definite cause. However, there are some activities that people participate in, that increase the risk of cancer. Smoking can cause cancer of the lung, mouth, and throat. Alcohol can cause cancer of the mouth, throat, and liver. Also, exposure to radiation and sunlight can cause skin cancer. The accurate cause of cancer still remains a mystery. Cancer can be spotted early on by certain symptoms. As cancer progresses through it’s many stages, it will produce certain symptoms. The symptoms depend on the size and location of the cancer. In some areas, symptoms will not appear until the cancer is very large, making the cancer more difficult to treat. The general symptoms of cancer are fever, an alter of metabolism, fatigue, severe weight loss, weakness and dizziness, blood clots, and sores that don’t heal. There are many different ways of treatment for cancer. Surgery is usually the first choice of most patients. If the cancer is localized, meaning it hasn’t spread, surgery is the best option. The surgeon will remove the tumor and the surrounding tissue. Surgery offers the best chance of a cure. The next method of treatment, which is usually a patient’s second choice, is chemotherapy. This method treats cancer cells that have spread. Chemotherapy is used depending on the type of cancer, and the stage it is in. Chemotherapy specifically treats cancer by injecting strong medicine to a patient, and allowing the drugs to travel throughout the body. The side effects include vomiting, hair loss, infections, and fatigue. The last treatment, which is usually a last resort, is Radiation. It destroys cancer cells, so they don’t multiply. More than one half of people with cancer experience Radiation. Radiation is the process of external high-energy rays or implants inserted near the tumor, eliminating the cancer cells. With all kinds of cancer, there are seven main warning signs. These seven signs found in one person would show that the person may be suffering from some type of cancer, and this person should see a doctor immediately. Dying of Breast Cancer in the 1800s iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/dying-of-breast-cancer-in-the-1800s/embed/#?secret=EWKnqwlWuM" data-secret="EWKnqwlWuM" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Dying of Breast Cancer in the 1800s#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe The seven warning signs are a major change in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding, thickening or lump in breast, indigestion or difficulty swallowing, obvious changes in wart or mole, and an irritating cough or roughness. Work Cited â€Å"Cancer. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Mar. 2012. Web. 26 Mar. 2012. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cancer. â€Å"What Is Cancer? † American Cancer Society. Web. 26 Mar. 2012. http://www. cancer. org/Cancer/CancerBasics/what-is-cancer. â€Å"Genetics and Cancer. American Cancer Society. Web. 26 Mar. 2012. http://www. cancer. org/Cancer/CancerCauses/GeneticsandCancer/index. â€Å"Diet and Physical Activity. † American Cancer Society. Web. 26 Mar. 2012. http://www. cancer. org/Cancer/CancerCauses/DietandPhysicalActivity/index. Weinberg, Robert A. The Biology of Cancer. New York: Garland Science, 2007. Print Nathan, David G. The Cancer Treatment Revolution: How Smart Drugs and Other New Ther apies AreRenewing Our Hope and Changing the Face of Medicine. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2007. Print. How to cite Cancer: Oncology and Accurate Cause, Papers

Liberal Institutionalism Informs and Influences Regional

Question: Discuss about the Liberal Institutionalism Informs and Influences Regional. Answer: Introduction The proliferation of the regional grouping of the Asian state is one of the most notable as well as an important feature of the international landscape which has taken shape from the second half century more so since the end of the Cold War end(Acharya, 2007). Many political theorists have argued that the regional integration could be regarded as the nation states, which are in the territorial region voluntarily and deferring on the sovereignty to the intergovernmental or perhaps the supranational institution so that to better on their condition wholly through cooperation. Through the use of the liberal institutionalism approach, it has been ascertained on the elements which influence the effectiveness of the selected intergovernmental regional institution, especially in ASEAN region(Dent, 2016). This has facilitated on the regional response as well as reaction to typical regional in regards to the economic, political, and social challenges. The regional agenda have depended on the a ctors, the regional order, and the regional identity. The institutions have been found to legitimate on the region, but consequently, regional identity has been determined to legitimate on the institutions. The thesis of this research is to illustrate on how liberal institutionalism tends to inform as well as influence on the regional integration in ASEAN region(Ba, 2014). Illustration of the multipurpose regional institution in ASEAN demonstrates how the organization serves towards enhancing the impact efficiency of transactions in those states. Since the period of the cold war, the regional institutions have deepened towards their regional integration and expanded on their functions as well tasks which they undertake(Ganesan, 1995). In the events the current trends should continue, relations which exist within and perhaps between institutionalized regional grouping could be the defining factors of the international system in the twenty-first century. Theoretically through communication and socialization, sharing of the information, the growth of both power and security through means of concentrating the resources as well as collective actions should be facilitated in the enhancement of regionalism(Jones Smith, 2006). All the regional actors have an interest in politics, economic as well as security in the areas of their respective regions they exist. Explanation and understanding of regional integration The world has changed significantly over the current decades. Since the end of the cold war, there has been an increase in integrated as well as interdependent economies of a globalized world which have taken center stage in the international political economy(Narine, 2016). An author such as Lupel (2004), has highlighted that there is a particular time when there would be an end of the nation-state which is regarded as a dominant form of the political organization. The regional integration has become a reality of the international scene due to the nations confronting towards political compromise and economic cooperation. The growth of the regional cooperation has highly been recognized as one of the leading development towards the modern international relations. Theoretical paradigm of the liberal institutionalism Liberal institutionalists have viewed the regional integration formation as more intermediary bodies that are erected by the state members majorly to solving common action problems. The regional institutions are usually crafted by the egoistic states to liberalize on the marked as well as benefit from the joint giants which is associated with the creation of trade(Ross, 2015). The institution facilitates the cooperation as well as liberalization through building a much stable expectation of the reciprocity, increases transparency and the lowering of the information costs. It is evident to note that these institutions do not change the identity and the interest of the state, nor do they alter the essential functions and the competencies. Liberal institutionalism usually rests on the microeconomic foundations and a state-centric rationalist approach to the behavior. Liberal institutionalism has been the most influential theoretical approach to the current study of international cooperation(Acharya, 2007). It has represented a plausible and also generalized theory which allow a better understanding of the resurgence of the regionalism. The analysis of the institutionalism is mainly based on the core arguments. One of the argument is because of the level of interdependence; it has been seen to manifest an increase in demand for the international cooperation. Institutionalism has concentrated on the ways that the strategic interaction could lead to the emergence of the collaboration in a given area of the international relations. Liberal institutionalism, when applied to regional integration, would allow identifying various ways in which the processes of regionalization and the regional economic evidence. From the perspective of liberal institutionalism the emergence of the regional security regimes such as SEAN region is viewed in regards to the balance of the power or perhaps the formation of the alliances(Mansfield Solingen, 2010). This area had been established and would survive because of the various benefits they provide. Additionally, they have facilitated on communication, spreading of the information, and transparency. There would also influence on the emergence of the regional cohesion. Regional institutionalism in ASEAN region The liberal institutionalism has a considerable power towards the influence of the regional integration, especially in ASEAN region. It has influenced on the increase in the intra-regional trade which tends to precede on the formation of the regional institutions in ASIA(Connors, Davison Dosch, 2011). The increase was principally market driven, and it has been facilitated by proximity, through cultural ties and non-institutional elements. There is a need for the regional institutions to work together to enable as well as promote the international peace as well as security(Acharya, 2007). The regional statesmen in most of the cases usually have a deep interest in conflict management to their perspective regions, and most of the cases they could help a lot towards the guarantee of legitimacy. Influence of liberal institutionalism on regional integration in ASEAN region Liberal institutionalism has viewed regional integration as the process that is supported by the rational actor who is attempting to alter their position in the international system to enable them to become better. The institutions have provided a context for relations between the states(Dent, 2016). This has allowed regional integration to be a function of the development of the intergovernmental institutions which aid the states to accomplish on their interests. For the institutionalists, regional integration is a gradual process which connects the state trough an increased interaction as well as cooperation that has been based on the rational calculation of the expected payoffs(Dent, 2016). The institutions are integral, and they are essential for regional integration. As they develop, they usually become the actors in their perspective and right in the international system with their interest as well as ability to affect the states. Integration encompasses the process of joining to and submission of the states to the international institutions. They should be given more power to the states so that they would become more integrated states which could be considered(Dent, 2016). Political this could become essential for integration because this institution cannot be created without the support of the state. This phenomenon has led to the question what an institution is? Based on the rational choice institutionalism they regard institutions as the formal, legalistic entities as well as the sets of decisions rules that could impose on the obligations upon the interested political actors. Consequently, in this perspective, the institution thus could tame on the anarchy of the international community as they become the system itself(Ba, 2014). Further, they could also constrain on the state actions. The state, on the other hand, is willing to maintain them since they reduce the risks of the interaction by reduction of the costs of interaction. The institution has become the subject of interest as well as playing the major role of regional integration. The institutions should be given more dominant role in the international system to make them more independent from the states(Connors, Davison Dosch, 2011). The foreign institutional companies, along with the national interest as well as the forces such as the presence of technology could triumphant over the anarchy through the provision of the international order. There is the motivation of the state interests and the political will towards the regional integration. The use of the liberal institutionalism approach has provided the recent push within the ASEAN in the development of the formal institutions for the cooperation(Narine, 2016). Nonetheless, the push had occurred much later in the process of integration than the institutionalists could have expected on this aspect. Conclusion Due to the lack of the common interest, this has made the absence of the institutions, instability, and possible conflict. The existence of the institutions helps to facilitate the cooperation by limiting on the opportunistic behavior through the creation of a network for interaction between various states. The liberal institutionalism advocates that a fruitful cooperation requires a certain level of sovereign control and unification of identifying of national which to many countries are still essential and should be ensured on purpose to lay a foundation for successful regional integration. The aim of this essay has been to illustrate on liberal institutionalism on how it informs and influences on the regional integration in ASEAN region. The thesis of the research has been examining the impacts of this approach towards the integration in this national states. References Acharya, A. (2007). The emerging regional architecture of world politics. World politics, 59(04), 629-652. Ba, A. (2014). Institutional divergence and convergence in the Asia- Pacificic? ASEAN in practice and in theory. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 27(2), 295-318. Connors, M. K., Davison, R., Dosch, J. (2011). The new global politics of the Asia Pacific. Routledge. Dent, C. M. (2016). East Asian Regionalism. Routledge. Ganesan, N. (1995). Testing neoliberal instirutionalism in Southeast Asia. International Journal, 50(4), 779-804. Jones, D. M., Smith, M. L. R. (2006). ASEAN and East Asian international relations: regional delusion. Edward Elgar Publishing. Mansfield, E. D., Solingen, E. (2010). Regionalism. Annual Review of political Science, 13, 145-163. Narine, S. (2016). 10 ASEAN and the response to regional crisis. Crisis and Institutional Change in Regional Integration, 173. Ross, R. S. (2015). East Asia in transition: toward a new regional order. Routledge.

Office Administration free essay sample

Paper 02 also assesses Knowledge and Application of procedures associated with specialized office activities and office routines. The paper consists of The total mark for this paper is 90. There are four compulsory questions in Section I based on UnitsI, II, III, IV, V, VI and XII. Section II consists of four optional questions taken from Units VII, VIII, IX, X and XI. Candidates are required to answer ONLY two questions from this section. For every sitting of the Office Administration examination there are candidates who ignore thisinstruction and do allfour questions in thissection to theirdetriment. Teachers mustcontinue to encourage studentsto readthe instructions given on the examination paper. Candidates’ overall performance in this paper compared with 2006 and 2007 was similar to their performance in the Paper 01. There was an overall increase in the mean performance from 38. 48 and 42. 08 in 2006 and 2007 respectively to 45. 10 in 2008. This paper is a written examination that targets private candidates. These candidates are identified as students who do not have the supervision of a teacher to complete the SBA project. We will write a custom essay sample on Office Administration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Paper is worth 50 marks. It is designed to test the candidates’ ability to use their personal experiences on routine office activities acquired through observation or from doing the actualoffice tasks as a real employee. The paper consists of ten short answer questions based on an office case. For this examination the case focused on Units I, II and XII of the syllabus. While candidates’ performance in this paper improved i 2008 compared with 2007, the performance in 2008 was very consistent with that in 2006. It is noted that some areas of the syllabus tested in this paper continue to present a challenge to the candidates. They, for instance, encountergreatdifficulty when they are asked to present information graphically, though they are given the choice of selecting an appropriate means for presentation. Each question in this paper is worth 15 marks. All the questions in Section I are compulsory. Question 1 This question tested Module I (objective 3) and Module IV (objective 3c). For Part (a),candidates were required to list two advantages and two disadvantages of conventional/ cellular and open plan layout ofthe office. This was worth 7 marks. Some candidates misunderstood the term â€Å"cellular†; others gave disadvantages for advantages and vice versa. For Part (b), candidates were required to draw an organization chart to show the relationship among the Marketing Clerk, Graphic Artist, Marketing Manager and Promotion/Events Coordinator. This was worth 5 marks. This segment of the question proved to be challenging to the majority of candidates. Below is an example of an organization chart that would have been acceptable. Example of an organization chart (Graphic Artist and Marketing Clerk may be subordinate Events Coordinator) (Marketing Clerk may be subordinate to Events Coordina or and Graphic Clerk) Marketing Manager Marketing Manager Marketing Clerk Events Coordinator In Part (c), candidates were asked to list three procedures that may be used for dealing with the visitor. This was worth 3 marks. Candidates demonstrated knowledge in this area and many were able to gain full marks. Marks for this question ranged from 0 -15 and the mean was 7. 58. The Examiners recommend that teachers expose students to the different terms used for the types ofoffice and that they use pictures to illustrate. Teachersshould also use charts /diagramsto expose students to avarietyof organization charts.

Free Essays on 2nd Amendment Rights

Gun Control Versus Your 2nd Amendment Rights: The Truth. A Review of the Literature Since the beginning of America built on this country’s foundation the people have found it necessary to be able to keep and bear arms. This freedom, this guaranteed right in our Constitution became an amendment to our freedoms. The second amendment was one in pack of the first 10 amendments known as The Bill of Rights, passed by congress in September 25, 1789. The second amendment states that â€Å"For their protection and for purposes of having a well trained militia the people of the states may keep and bear (own) arms (weapons), but the federal government or the state governments may pass laws against owning certain weapons and the way others may be used†. (Cullop, 1999, p.64) This research will use the following questions to determine answers from various sources. 1.Do Guns cause more crime? 2.Does the media tell all of the truth about guns or only what makes news, and how much influence does the media have on Americans’ perception of guns? 3.What is the ultimate goal of Anti-Gun supporters’, working through courts, lies, and international treaties? 4.If banning guns is the answer to the problem, why have Britain, Australia, and Canada’s ban failed so horrendously to reduce crime. 5.Is the Second Amendment outdated, or is it America’s and it’s people’s best defense? This review of literature on Second Amendment rights versus Gun control will focus on these five questions. Do More Guns Cause More Crime or Less? In a very influential and well-researched book, Lott (1998) pointed out the con... Free Essays on 2nd Amendment Rights Free Essays on 2nd Amendment Rights Gun Control Versus Your 2nd Amendment Rights: The Truth. A Review of the Literature Since the beginning of America built on this country’s foundation the people have found it necessary to be able to keep and bear arms. This freedom, this guaranteed right in our Constitution became an amendment to our freedoms. The second amendment was one in pack of the first 10 amendments known as The Bill of Rights, passed by congress in September 25, 1789. The second amendment states that â€Å"For their protection and for purposes of having a well trained militia the people of the states may keep and bear (own) arms (weapons), but the federal government or the state governments may pass laws against owning certain weapons and the way others may be used†. (Cullop, 1999, p.64) This research will use the following questions to determine answers from various sources. 1. Do Guns cause more crime? 2. Does the media tell all of the truth about guns or only what makes news, and how much influence does the media have on Americans’ perception of guns? 3. What is the ultimate goal of Anti-Gun supporters’, working through courts, lies, and international treaties? 4. If banning guns is the answer to the problem, why have Britain, Australia, and Canada’s ban failed so horrendously to reduce crime. 5. Is the Second Amendment outdated, or is it America’s and it’s people’s best defense? This review of literature on Second Amendment rights versus Gun control will focus on these five questions. Do More Guns Cause More Crime or Less? In a very influential and well-researched book, Lott (1998) pointed out the con...

Leading and Training a Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Leading and Training a Team - Essay Example A., & Zaccaro S. J. 1992). This definition has the virtue of generality. It does not limit the leadership concept to formally appointed functionaries or to individuals whose influence potential rests upon the voluntary consent of others. Rather, it is applicable to all interpersonal relationships in which influence attempts are involved. Relationships as apparently diverse as the superior-subordinate, the staff-line, the consultant-client, the salesman-customer, the teacher-student, the counselor-counselee, the husband-wife, or the parent-child are all seen as involving leadership. Thus here we will discuss leadership skills and training contribution towards teamwork. I believe, Training can typically be clustered into two categories with distinctly different content orientations: (a) task, knowledge, and skill-based training designed to provide the individual with the attributes necessary to effectively interact and utilize the hardware capabilities of a system; and (b) attitude, expectation, and perception-based training designed to provide the individual with the attributes necessary with which to effectively interact and utilize the human and social attributes of a system. Effective Leaders has the capability to offer voluntary vision and motivation to employees (Ehrenberg, R.G. and R.S. Smith. 1994). A leader values the self-esteem of the individual moreover distinguish the significance and control of freedom. They work to persuade, convince, and guide others to a vision of what desires to be done, and, in so doing, make dedication towards that vision. By doing this, leaders are capable to provoke, infuse, and motivate others with inspiration to carry out the view or vision. Leadership integrates an extensive vision of the circumstances that has deference for the forces at play, for inner capabilities of the supporters and self-reliance in and recognition of one's own position in showing those capabilities. To offer leadership, then, is for a person to distinguish all of the essentials of the circumstances and to be capable to release the leadership prospective in it to make somewhat happen. Leaders are extremely excellent at inspiring their team's feeling, raising their prospect, and intriguing them in new directions. Though, leaders usually endure from neuroses and have a propensity toward egotism and concern (Katzenbach, J. R., & Smith, D. K. 1993). Leadership is established not simply on grand events, though. Nor is it constantly carries out on a large scale by people officially accepted as leaders. Leadership can be applied at all stages not simply by managers and supervisors although also by peers and individuals, at times in ways that persuades those with much greater recognized power. Leadership simply takes place while others keenly implement, for a phase of time, the aims of a group as their own. therefore, leadership disquiets building unified and objective leaning teams; there is a fundamental and definitional connection linking leadership and employee's performance. (b)YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE STEPS INVOLVED IN THE SYSTEMATIC TRAINING CYCLE Training has typically been micro in its team orientation, with a center on

Islam in Central Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Islam in Central Asia - Essay Example Islam in Central Asia Mansur al-Hallaj was different from other Suffis who followed traditional perceptions that further had its impressions in the literature. For instance, Suffis in the era believed that sharing mysticism with the masses was inappropriate. However, Al-Hallaj followed a rebellious path that further had its impression on the Qrighiz legend of origin. Illustration of such a fact can be obtained from his writing in Kitab-Al-Tawasin, emphasizing dialogues of Satan and God (Lenz-Raymann, 2014). Contextually, the method used by Al-Hallaj in his writing was known as the ‘universal mystical introspection’, which later gave birth to a new dimension of Sufi culture in Qrighiz. He was also rebellious for his belief that practices in contradiction to the traditional religious principles indicate the individual’s thirst for greater truth rather than his challenging or opposing attitude to the beliefs. In his writings, rather than expanding on the traditional religious beliefs, Al-Hallaj emphasized humanity. Mansur al-Hallaj believed in the unity of man with the Divine. He travelled to various places to preach his writings, which majorly included Tostar, Baghdad, Mecca and Turkestan among others that further gave rise to the Qrighiz legend of origin. As argued by Shepard (2009), the writings of Mansur-al-Hallaj were important for Sufi culture, as it defined a new dimension of Islam. His life was measured widely by the French Scholars of Islam.

Cofidis Strategic Management Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cofidis Strategic Management - Research Proposal Example The second alternative is to invest in a web market blitz, to secure new accounts at the current rate. In either case, Cofidis should use the web to help manage differences in consumer markets between countries using data driven applications to offer appropriate advertising for each country. The recommendation is that Cofidis follow through with the idea of becoming an online credit broker centered on the family life and the home. Without changing the brand and risk losing its following, Cofidis should focus on profitable credit products while enlisting the assistance of other financial solutions to offer unpaid debtors solutions online. To secure the place of Cofidis in the future credit market, we must formulate a strategy based on numerous systemic inputs. We will discuss the strategic problem, the tactical problem, some related issues, two viable alternatives, and an official recommendation.

Scientific Inventions On Human Life

Scientific Inventions On Human Life What is scientific invention? According to me scientific invention is a machine or device or a scientific technique which either helps or completely solves humans problems that he or she face in daily life. According to www.businessdictionary.com invention is: New scientific or  technical  idea, and the  means  of its embodiment or accomplishment. To be patentable, an invention must be  novel, have  utility, and be non-obvious. To be called an invention, an idea only  needs  to be proven as workable. But to be called an innovation, it must also be replicable at an  economical  cost, and must satisfy a specific need. Thats why only a few inventions  lead  to  innovations  because not all of them are economically feasible. And according to Wikipedia scientific invention is An  invention  is a unique or novel  device, method, composition or process. It may be an improvement upon a machine or product, or a new process for creating an object or a result. An invention that achieves a completely unique function or result may be a radical breakthrough. Such works are  novel  and  not obvious  to  others skilled in the same field. These definitions are enough to tell us or are enough to make us understand the meaning of scientific inventions but the question is why we need scientific inventions? Sometimes, the things They say, the laws They make, the way the world spins doesnt make any sense at all Which is exactly why you have to ask Why? and keep on asking until you get the TRUTH   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Joe Kelly,  Douglas Fredericks and the House of They And that is exactly why we need inventions to find the truth behind the things we do not understand. And we need inventions to help us understand that truth and help us use it to our own benefit. Like scientists discovered electricity by inventing different inventions and then they used electricity to their own benefit now the entire world is using electricity. The effect of scientific inventions on human life is huge. So huge that it is difficult to comprehend it but I will try and explain a little in my essay. Inventions have changed our lives it has revolutionized every aspect of our life. if we look at our means of communication then we will see that first we used to communicate with letters, but then telegram was invented which was a faster way to communicate but not fast enough then telephone was invented which made our lives easier and made us communicate with our loved ones so easily and made it made possible for us to communicate with someone who is miles away from us. And now days it is even possible to video chat with anyone on any part of the world and this entire have been made possible due to the scientific inventions. Then with the progress of science and its inventions the means of travel have also changed in the early times people have to travel through horse and camels and they completed their journey in months even in yea rs but due to development in scientific inventions it is now possible to travel distances of thousands of miles in hours or days. Due to scientific inventions we were able to find answer to our question which we thought we can never answer, like people used to say that humans cannot fly but due to the advancements of scientific inventions we can now fly in the air with the help of an airplane. In our daily life we use a lot of scientific inventions, like television, fridge, fans, laptops, mobile phones, micro wave Owens, tube light, cars, bikes, and many more of scientific inventions they have made our life more luxurious and made our work more easy and less time consuming it has granted us to do things in minutes which we did in days, months even its has completely changed our lifestyles and altogether our lives they are a blessing on us. Computers are useless. They can only give you answers.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Pablo Picasso Due to scientific inventions cure of many diseases have been found which were thought incurable in earlier times. The life expectance has increased drastically in earlier times many people died of disease which are now extinct due to new techniques and invention invented by scientists. In new types of drugs are invented to cure the incurable diseases vaccines have made many disease extinct. Doctor uses many kinds of inventions to diagnose patients diseases. This has made it easy for them to t find out what is wrong with their patient. Doctor use inventions like x-ray machines, USG machines, angiography machines, laparoscopic devices and monitors, CT scan machines, MRI machines, digital thermometer, digital blood pressure machines, blood sugar measuring devices, Stethoscopes, torches, laryngoscopes, otoscope and many more. If these inventions were not available to them they might not be able to diagnose some disease or might diagnoses it in correctly and the patient may die but these inventions have made it possible to look up all kind of diseases in human body and also have made it possible to cure it and because of some scientific inventions now surgeries of tumors which were in operatable are now operate able. And due to these inventions surgeries of hrs have decreased to minutes and with minimum side affect. Engineers have made up dams to prevent floods which also help in producing electricity and provide water to agricultural land. Due to scientific inventions now it is possible to save ourselves from natural disaster as inventions have been invented which predict the natural disasters before they have happened. And can be used to save many people from natural disasters. Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Arthur C. Clarke,  Profiles of the Future: An Inquiry into the Limits of the Possible Arthur C. Clarke is absolutely correct because scientific inventions have done the unimaginable it has enabled us to go to the moon which we thought was impossible and now due to scientific invention we final seen moon closely enough to understand it and can go in space and wander in it. Computer is the most amazing invention of all time it has made everyones life easy it has finished gaps between people by internet it has made all the knowledge known to man open to everyone in the world through internet it has solved so many problems of people that it is difficult to write them all I know theres a proverb which that says To err is human, but a human error is nothing to what a computer can do if it tries.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Agatha Christie,  Halloween Party Electricity the biggest invention of all time and the most important invention of all time. Now a days almost everything runs on electricity. Electricity has brightened our nights and given us cold winds in summers. It has made us to communicate with each other by telephones and it has completely changed our life. Scientific inventions have also revolutionized factories it has increased their production as machines produce more than human they get more work done than humans in a specific time. Now machines are available which make a product in more efficient way which is less time consuming and less money consuming and is still better than before. Where scientific inventions have so many advantages there are some disadvantages too. Scientific inventions have made people so much dependent on technology and inventions that it is now very difficult for people to function or carry on with their life without these inventions like if now we have to walk to place we will have so much difficulty. Scientific inventions have made people so lazy and they have become their slave they are dependent to do everything in their life with the help of scientific inventions. Scientific inventions have made people jobless as in factories and many offices machines have taken place of humans as machines are more efficient and are money efficient too. And due to these new scientific inventions and scientific inventions have also increased pollution in our environment which have created a lot of problems, it is destroying our environment and killing our planet slowly. These scientific inventions although have made life more luxurious but have made it a lot more complex and complicated. Due to scientific inventions the noise pollution have increased, anywhere we go we will not find peace and quiet traffic has so much increased in the cities that people want to escape from the traffic and hide from it in remote areas. Due to new inventions world is facing new type of dangers which they did not even new about like genetic mutation due to nuclear reactors, fumes coming out of factories are responsible for destroying ozone and global warming. Now people are facing danger due to scientific inventions. Now new type of entertainment sources have made people useless has they waste their time on watching television all day long. Then children waste their time on video games and internet. Children instead of doing their homework or studying they waste their time on internet and video games and these technology is so expensive and people waste their money on it. Many people cannot afford it and their children want these things so they start earning money the wrong way to buy those things. Academic performance of people is decreasing because people are wasting their time watching television and internet many people are addicted to it. And this all is creating diseases and disorders such as obesity, laziness, loss of personality and it has also affected their eye sight. It has disabled us from of friendly and face to face communication chance with each other. Because of scientific inventions people do not get any kind of physical activity or exercise. Which has increased diseases such as obesity which is very common now-a-days. There are some inventions which are too complex for some people and they cannot use it so the feel inferior to others which has created gaps and jealousy between people. To make electricity, which runs most of the scientific inventions is made by exhausting fossil fuels which is killing our world slowly although scientists have found methods to make electricity by renewable sources but they are more expensive than the traditional ways which takes up many resources and is creating a lot of and all kinds of pollution in our world. The biggest and disastrous scientific inventions are weapons which have made this world a living hell. They have destroyed the peace of this world and have imposed the fear of war in every persons mind. Every day hundreds of thousands of people die due to these monstrous inventions and they are the sole reason for terrorism. Countries are wasting so much money on the research and development of weapons so the powerful may remain powerful so they can impose their command on the less powerful. Nuclear weapons have been developed to wipe out whole countries from the face of the earth. So many people died in Hiroshima and Nagasaki during world war 2because of atomic bombs, even in Pakistan so many people have died in suicide bombing. And in other incident of terrorism. People that they made these weapons to defend themselves but if there were no weapons then from what they needed defending from. On name of defense they kill and slaughter people. This is absolutely wrong. In the end I would only say that it is not the inventions but it is their use that has made them harmful if the same thing is used for good it becomes a blessing for everyone but if that thing is used for evil purposes then it becomes accurse for whole humanity some people use scientific invention for the benefit of people and the world and others use it for the destruction and evil so this does not make the invention good or bad it makes it user good or bad because when something is invented it is usually is invented for the benefit of human kind but its user may use it for evil or good like computer was invented to solve and help people with their problems but people now even use it for hacking into other peoples personal files and stealing money from people. So scientific inventions have both disadvantages and advantages but the number of advantages is so great that we can over look its disadvantages, because now these inventions have made over life so easy that now we cannot live without them we need them in every aspect of our life.

Illusion in Death Of A Salesman :: essays research papers

What does Williams say about illusions and how are they important/dangerous to us? Tennessee Williams’ protagonist, Blanche Dubois, is a woman struggling to escape the faults of her past and secure a new life for herself. Her many mistakes have turned her life upside down and created a host of problems for her to deal with. To help her deal with the extreme direness of her existence, Blanche often creates fantasies and delusions to make her life seem more stable than it actually is. Although Blanche’s ultimate mental deterioration is partially due to her adherence to her delusions, it seems it is also these fantasies that help Blanche cope with her desperate situations. It is in this way that Williams presents illusions as something that can be important in our lives. Sometimes experiences in life are too traumatic or emotionally consuming to deal with outright. By tricking ourselves into thinking that the situation is better or different, we find ourselves more ready to live with whatever problem that effects us. However, as is the case with Blanche, illusions can potentially be destructive to our psyches as well. Hiding behind delusions to avoid our problems can make them all the more cataclysmal when we are forced to return to reality and face them. Throughout A Streetcar Named Desire, Blanche subdues the demons of her past by deceiving herself and those around her into thinking that they don’t exist. This method of coping with her problems makes them even more disastrous when she is finally forced to face them. As an added blow to Blanche’s mental stability, her spirit is destroyed by her savage rape at the hands of her brother-in-law,